As near as I can figure, Marvel played the counting game, as with Iron Man, where they counted the anthology series in which they started, in total, even though the main character didn't appear until much of the run was over.
Thor starts in issue #83 of Journey Into Mystery (1952), and continues in several of his own series. Starting in Thor (1998), the issues double-number, to make the transition easier. Thor (2007) fills out the pre-600 issues, and Thor (2008) begins with issue #600.
Journey Into Mystery is a more complex story, as there is a volume 2 in 1972 that appears orphaned, and the 1996 series also seems orphaned, as Journey Into Mystery (2011) takes on the Thor (2008) numbering, leaving the 1996 (503+) numbering duplicated with the Thor issues.
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Journey Into Mystery (1952) #1 |
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Journey Into Mystery (1952) #83 - First Thor |
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Thor (1966) #126 - Re-named Journey Into Mystery (1952) |
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Journey Into Mystery (1972) #1 |
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Journey Into Mystery (1996) #503 |
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Thor (1998) #1 |
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Thor (2007) #1 |
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Thor (2008) #600 |
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Journey Into Mystery (2011) |
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The Mighty Thor (2011) #1 |
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Thor: God of Thunder (2012) #1 |
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Series
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Issues
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Total Issues
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"Full Thor" Numbering
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Journey Into Mystery (1952)
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1-125
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125
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1-125
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Thor (1966)
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126-502
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377
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126-502
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Journey Into Mystery (1972)
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1-19
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19
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n/a
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Journey Into Mystery (1996)
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503-521
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20
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n/a
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Thor (1998)
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1-85
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85
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503-587
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Thor (2007)
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1-12
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12
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588-599
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Thor (2008)
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600-621
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22
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600-621
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Journey Into Mystery (2011)
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622-655
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34
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622-655
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The Mighty Thor (2011)
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1-22, 12.1
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23
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656-678
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Thor: God of Thunder (2012)
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1-25
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25
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679-703
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Note: Journey Into Mystery (1996) had and issue (-1) between #510 and #511. Thor in Journey Into Mystery (1952) starting at issue #83. Thor (2008) has an issue 620.1.
Thanks to Mark71517 for his eagle eye'd corrections.